Tentang Tubuh Badan Manusia

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Morphology Hirudo medicinalis

Hirudo medicinalis·Fig. 2. Hirudo medicinalis, the medical leech. A, ventral aspect; the outer annulation does not confer to the inner segments (1–33). B, inner structure. After copulation and transfer of so-called double spermatophores, fertilized eggs are packed together into slime () deriving from the and are deposited on plants. After a period depending on the temperature of the water, the young worms hatch from the eggs and reach maturity within 5–6 months. A, anus; B, ventral nerve cord; BS, last intestinal caecum; C, D, intestinal caeca; DG, dorsal blood vessel; E, = openings of the 17 pairs of ED, rectum; G, genital porus; H, HD, hind gut; HS, posterior ; NE, nephridium; O, ovary; P, penis; PH, pharynx; S, sensory papillae; SD, salivary glands; V, vagina; VS, apical sucker

HIRUDOTHERAPY

The ancient method of the treatment by the leeches is used in the modern medicine as a innovative technology. Hirudotherapy is a promising therapy, it has almost no contraindications and sequelas. It is aplied for people of any age and it is well combined with any other kind of the therapies and it requires further researching of the affecting of the leeches.

The medical leech syringe over one hundred of the biologically active substances into the body during one procedure. They have anti-inflammatoty effect, they activate local capillar blood circulation, enhance tissue supply of oxygen and nutrient materials, they prevent thrombogenesis and dissolve just created one. Due to the hirudotherapy we observe the pain disappearance, edema dissolvaton, the recovery of the disturbed blood circulation of the brains and other organs. There are groungs to call the leech as pharmaceutical mini-factory. Thus, the curative effect is achieved by means of injection not by suction.

The medical leech secretion has high efficient influences such as anticoagulative, thrombolytic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating, bacteriostatic and analgesic. Besides, it is found out that leech ferments increase the protective properties of blood, irritate the definite reflexogenic areas of the organs and have the positive effect on the body.

The special part of the hirudotherapy is the hirudoreflexotherapy. The doctors who know the mechanism of the leech affecting on the organism believe that it is ably to instinctively find the reflexogenic areas on the body and sticks exactly on them that makes the bite more curative. To determine the places where to apply the leech is is suggested by age-old experience.

The treatment by leeches can be applied only by the high qualified specialist. The self-treatment is impossible because if the areas of applying were chosen wrongly there will be different sequelas. Besides, we can not use any leech for the treatment.there are over 400 types of the leeches, but only medical leech, pharmaceutic one and cerative one are can be used in the medical practice. The leeches are grown up in the artificial conditions at the boifactories under the strict control of the biologists. The ready leech get the certification and only afterwards it can be used for the treatment. In point of fact the medical leech is the living syringe with perfectly balanced contains of the remedy inside. As any good syringe it is disposable and it is thrown away after using.

HIRUDOTHERAPY is the treatment by medical leech. This strange small creature saves life and health of people many times while the standard pharmacotherapy was forceless. The leeches produce the complex of the unique ferments and biologically active substances which structure are very similar to the human one. That’s why the leeches are not only bloodsucking but bilogical factory for blood clearance and blood fortification by the substances which are analgesic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, antiedemicand and others. The leeches are applied on the acupuncture markings and neuro reflectory areas. It allows to have an affect on the injured organs in the body.

The curative effect of the leeches on the human body is based on the reflectory, mechanic and biological factors. Apart from recovery from the definite diseases the leeches have the effect on the the whole organism (the appetite and sleeping are improved, living up the mood, the activization of the metabolism and immunity). It is caused due to the normalization of the blood circulation in the tissues and increasing the level of oxygen in the blood. We have to pay attention that bleech is a disposable tool and it is used only once.

The bite of the leech is similar to the mosquito’d one. It bites only in the reflexogenic markings (biologically active ones). These markings are usually used in acupuncture.

It is not necessary to stanch the wound. It is normal if it is bleeding during 24 hours. The quantity of blood leaked is little, the main part of it is lymph. The lymp loss stimulates the immunity.

Hirudotherapy shows good results as itself and in combination with other methods of the treatment (homeopathy, phytotherapy, physiotherapy).

Today the applying of the medical leeches has the stable scientific grounds. The indications for the hirudotherapy are the widest.

The contraindications for it are the following: haemophilia, severe anaemia, hemorrhagic diathesis allergy to the leech secretion, strongly marked hypotony, pregnancy.

The course of the treatment and the quantity of the procedures are drawn up very unduvidually and depend on the state of the patiens, severity of the pathalogy. Usually the course of the treatment last 2-4 weeks on an outpatient basis, the procedures are carried out 1-3 times per week.

MAINTENANCE OF LEECHES

The two most important things to avoid are heat and chlorinated tap water.

Water: As soon as the leeches are received, place them in a Leech Mobile Home or other clean, suitable container with sufficient new water. Use distilled, non-chlorinated or bottled water. Do not use tap water.

MAINTAIN HEALTHY LEECHES BY CHANGING THE WATER EVERY OTHER DAY.

Use 2 grams of HIRUDO salt for each gallon of distilled, non-chlorinated or bottled water. Prior to replacement, check and maintain the same water temperature. HIRUDO salt is to be used only as an additive to the water in which the live leeches are kept or stored.

Temperature: Keep leeches cool, 42-45 F (5-7 degrees C). Avoid temperatures above 68 F (20 C) and never place them in direct sunlight. When used in heated hospital wards, take special care to keep leeches in a cool place. Avoid sudden changes in temperature when transferring leeches from one container to another.

Container: Since leeches are amphibious and like to crawl about, a lid is essential. Perforations are advised, but they must be very small because the elastic leech body is capable of going through remarkably small openings. A cloth cover tightly secured with string, rubber band or tape is useful. Do not overcrowd - no more than 50 leeches should be in a 2-gallon container.

Disposal: Some hospitals use the incinerator, after narcotization in 70% alcohol, to dispose of leeches.

APPLYING LEECHES

The animals should be applied in adequate numbers to the general area of maximal congestion. One (1) or two (2) leeches may be sufficient to treat the skin of a partially degloved or replanted finger, whereas a large flap may require 6 or more depending on initial clinical response. The head (or biting end) of the animal can be recognized by its searching movements, while the tail end is used mostly as a sucker for attachment.

1. Clean patient's skin thoroughly with soap and water to remove all substances with strong odor or taste such as traces of operative prep fluids or saline. Rinse cleansed areas with distilled, non-chlorinated or bottled water.

2. Recommended method for applying leeches:

Remove the plunger from a 5 cc plastic syringe and place the leech in the barrel of the syringe. Invert the barrel, placing the open end on the wound site, where you want the leech to attach. Once feeding commences, remove the syringe.

3. To prevent leech wandering, form a barrier by cutting a 1 cm hole in the middle of a dampened gauze square and locating the hole in close contact with the area to be treated.

4. Steer the leech's head to the area to be treated. Attachment generally occurs quickly;

however, if the leech is reluctant to bite, make a small needle prick on the skin to produce a tiny droplet of blood (which should result in enthusiastic attachment) or try another leech. Sugar or other sweet substances are not necessary. It should be noted that persistent resistance to feeding is often indicative of poor arterial supply.

5. Once the leech is attached, it will likely remain safely in place until fully distended. The gauze square can be removed and used elsewhere without disturbing the animal;however, it is important that the site be checked continuously to insure that the leech hasn't moved.

6. When the leech has finished its meal, usually within 45 minutes, it will detach itself from the bite site.

EQUIPMENT NEEDED TO APPLY LEECHES

Jar of leeches in distilled, non-chlorinated or bottled water containing HIRUDO salt.
Container with a small amount of alcohol for placing leeches after they have been used.

NOTE: To prevent cross contamination, used leeches must never be put with unused leeches.

Disposable bottle of sterile water.
Packet of gauze swabs.
Scissors and non-toothed forceps.
Small "Op-Site" dressing (optional).
5cc plastic syringe.

DISPOSAL OF LEECHES AFTER USE
Leeches which have been used on a patient should be disposed of by placing in a container of 70% alcohol for 5 minutes, then disposed of just as other infectious waste is disposed of.

Return unused leeches to the pharmacy in distilled, non-chlorinated or bottled water containing HIRUDO salt.

IMPORTANT WARNING:

NEVER REUSE a leech and NEVER RETURN a used leech to the pharmacy.

As with a dirty needle, failure to comply with this warning could result in transmittal of serious infectious diseases.

Hirudotherapy is a treatment using medical leeches. It is very efficient in healing various kinds of illnesses and diseases:- in Rheumatology (rheumatism, etc.)- in Urology (kidney disease, etc.)- in gastroenterology (diabetes, allergies, constipation, etc.) - in vascular pathology (thrombophlebitis, venous ulcers, etc.) - in cardiology (coronary heart disease, circulatory failure, etc.)- in gynecology (menstrual irregularities, ovarian cysts, infertility, etc.)- in neurology (insomnia, etc.)- in proctology (hemorrhoids, etc.) - in ophthalmology (eyes, etc.) - for skin diseases (furunculosis, eczema, etc.)

Q&A ON LEECH THERAPY

“Leeches gives 104 biomadecines into to the blood. These bio madicines are: ANTI-BALTERIEL, ANTI-DEPRESSIVE, ANTI-DOKSAN, MAKES BLOOD THIN, MAKE BLOOD PRESSURE NORMAL, ANTI-BLOOD CLOT, MAKES CLOT THIN, PREVENTIVE, ANTI-EMBOLIZM”

Q : What is a leech ?

A leech is a worm like creature that sucks blood. Leeches have been used for a long time and in different ways for medical purposes in Europe. There are many different kinds of leeches but just one is used for medical care.

Q : Why are leeches being used in treating me ?

Leeches can relieve blood pooling around a muscle or skin flap better than drugs or other treatments. They are used to keep blood flow in muscle, skin and fat tissue that has been surgically moved from one part of your body to another. These tissues are also called flaps. Leeches are also used in limbs or other body parts reattached after being amputated by accident.These reattachments are called implants. Flaps or implants can have blood pools around them so the skin becomes cool, hard and bluish in color and the blood flow this area becomes poor. If this happens, the tissue or skin flap can fail or be ruined.

Q : How long are leeches used in the affected area ?

It depends on how well each leech works. It can range 10 minutes to 2 hours. When it is full, it will fall of.

Q : How much blood can a leech suck ?

Each leech can suck from 1-2 teaspoons of blood.

Q : Does the leech sucking hurt ?

No , the leech saliva is filled with a chemical that contains a painkiller, which stops you from feeling the bite. The saliva also has a chemical, which keeps the blood from clotting.

Q : What happens when the leech is full ?

It falls off on its own.The therapist will remove it.

Q : Can a leech be used twice ?

No, leeches are single use. Once they have been used ,they are thromn away so they won't spread other diseases such as hepatitis and AIDS. Both diseases are carried in blood.

Q : Why is leech therapy used instead of other medical treatment ?

In some cases, leeches do a better job by removing pooled blood than any other medical therapy.

Q : Is there a risk of infection with the leech therapy ?

Beside the wundinfektion by a pollution the wound the leech is a possible source of infection.Bacteria can be among other things on the skin of the Egels.With the correct meansures aninfection can be rear-stopped by bacteria however with highest probability. Immaculateness is naturally during the entire treatment process highest requirement.

Q : What do you do with leeches that do not suck or attach to the site ?

The therapist may prick the wound to make it bleed and encourage the leech the suck blood .If it dosen't want to, the leech will be disposed of.

Q :What are the benefits of leech treatment ?

The benefits of treatment are not only the amout of blood that the leech removes but the anti blood clotting enzymes in their saliva that allow blood flow from the area where they have been.

Q : Can i accomplish the leech therapy ?

THE MEDICAL LEECH THERAPY SHOUD BE ENFORCED ONLY BY EXPERIENCED THERAPISTS. ! ! !

Medicinal Leeches

Another blast from Europe's medieval medical past are medicinal leeches. Similar to bloodletting, leeches were utilized to draw out the "bad blood" that medieval physicians believed caused many of their patients' ailments. In modern medicine, however, leeches are used in reconstructive surgery to provide a vacuum effect that helps stimulate blood circulation. This process is crucial to help kick start blood flow into, for example, a reattached finger.

Medicinal Leech Species, Use and Indications

Medicinal leeches Species

We provide two sorts of leeches: Hirudo medicinalis and Hirudo Verbana. These two sorts of leeches are clore relatives and there is no known differences in the activity spectrums between them. These two medicinal leeches species are used as eqivalents.

We harvest leeches in their natural habitats, far away from the human settlements and any possible cause of polution. Also, our leeches are tested and have certificate issued by Regional Veterinary Institute.

Use of Medicinal leeches Today,

leeches for are used in medicine for treating abscesses, painful joints, glaucoma, myasthenia, and to heal venous diseases and thrombosis. Medicinal leeches are also used in plastic surgery, for improving brain circulation and for curing infertility.

The general indications for leech therapy are:

Inflammatory ReactionsHeart DiseasesRheumatic DiseasesTendovaginitis and TendinitisVenous Disease and Varicose VeinsArthrosisArthritisMuscle TensionAntidyscratic therapy ( blood purification and regeneration) of toxicoses and mental illnessesThrombosis and embolismPassive congestions and spastic conditionsVertebrogenic Pain SyndromesTransudates and exudates